The Time of Jacob’s Trouble
Jeremiah’s Prophecy of the Great Tribulation and Israel’s Deliverance By: Junior Tate When I read Jeremiah 30, I believe we are looking at one of the most important Old Testament prophecies concerning Israel and the end times. The expression “the time of Jacob’s trouble” has become familiar to many students of Bible prophecy, but I believe we need to slow down and look carefully at what God actually told Jeremiah. This prophecy is specifically connected with Jacob, which means Israel, and I believe it points toward a future time when God will bring Israel through tremendous trouble and ultimately to the salvation and restoration He has promised. However, I do not want anyone to come away thinking that the Tribulation will concern Israel alone, because Scripture shows us that its effects will be worldwide. God will be dealing not only with Israel, but also with the sin and rebellion of the nations as His judgments are poured out across the earth. Yet even in the midst of that judgment, God’s mercy will still be seen, because He will continue calling both Jew and Gentile to salvation through Jesus Christ. Revelation shows us people from nations, kindreds, peoples, and tongues coming to the Lamb during this terrible period. So when we study the time of Jacob’s trouble, we are certainly studying God’s future dealings with Israel and the salvation and deliverance that await them, but we are also looking at a worldwide Tribulation in which God judges the rebellion of mankind while continuing to extend the message of salvation to people throughout the world. The Tribulation will reveal both the righteousness of God in judging sin and the mercy of God in continuing to call sinners to Jesus Christ. One thing I want to make clear from the beginning is that Jeremiah himself does not call this period the seven-year Tribulation. Jeremiah calls it “the time of Jacob’s trouble.” My understanding that this prophecy reaches into the future Tribulation comes from comparing Jeremiah with Daniel, the words of Jesus in Matthew 24, Paul’s teaching concerning Israel, and the events John records in Revelation. I believe those passages fit together remarkably well, but I always want to distinguish between exactly what Scripture says and the interpretation I reach by comparing Scripture with Scripture. What makes Jeremiah 30 so important is that God identifies the people involved before He describes the trouble. We are not left to guess whether Jacob represents the Church, the Gentile nations, or humanity in general. God tells us that these words concern Israel and Judah, and that context should guide everything that follows. The Prophecy Concerns Israel and Judah Jeremiah begins this portion of prophecy with a promise of restoration. Jeremiah 30:3 through 4 (KJV) “For, lo, the days come, saith the LORD, that I will bring again the captivity of my people Israel and Judah, saith the LORD: and I will cause them to return to the land that I gave to their fathers, and they shall possess it. And these are the words that the LORD spake concerning Israel and concerning Judah.” When I read those verses, I believe we need to pay close attention to the names God uses. He specifically identifies Israel and Judah, and then He speaks about returning them to “the land that I gave to their fathers.” To me, that language takes us directly back to the covenant promises God made concerning Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, and their descendants. This is important because sometimes we begin interpreting prophecy several verses after God has already told us who the prophecy concerns. If we begin with verse 7 and isolate the expression “Jacob’s trouble,” there may be room for all kinds of speculation about Jacob’s identity. However, if we begin where God begins, the context is already established. These words concern Israel and Judah, and therefore I believe Jacob should be understood in that same context. This does not mean the Church is unimportant to God, nor does it mean Israel has a different way of salvation. I believe Scripture is very clear that salvation is through Jesus Christ alone. What it does mean is that God has not forgotten the national and prophetic promises He made concerning Israel, and Jeremiah is describing events connected with the fulfillment of those promises. A Time of Trouble Unlike Any Other After identifying Israel and Judah, Jeremiah describes a period of extraordinary fear and distress. Jeremiah 30:5 through 7 (KJV) “For thus saith the LORD; We have heard a voice of trembling, of fear, and not of peace. Ask ye now, and see whether a man doth travail with child? wherefore do I see every man with his hands on his loins, as a woman in travail, and all faces are turned into paleness? Alas! for that day is great, so that none is like it: it is even the time of Jacob’s trouble; but he shall be saved out of it.” There are two parts of verse 7 that I believe must remain together if we are going to understand this prophecy correctly. Jeremiah first tells us that this day will be so great that “none is like it,” which describes an extraordinary and unparalleled period of trouble. Yet the verse does not end there, because God immediately adds that Jacob “shall be saved out of it.” That is something I do not want us to overlook. The time of Jacob’s trouble is not a prophecy announcing the final destruction of Israel. It is a prophecy describing terrible trouble through which God will ultimately preserve and deliver Israel. The suffering will be real, the judgment will be severe, and the danger will be unlike anything Israel has previously experienced, but none of those things will overturn the promises God has already made. When Jeremiah uses the name Jacob, I believe the meaning is especially significant. Jacob was the man whose name God changed to Israel, and his descendants became the tribes of Israel. Since Jeremiah … Read more